ABSTRACT
First, this paper defines the definition and classification of recreational fishery. Second, the paper analyzes the present situation of recreational fishery from production scale, growth rate, proportion of annual output value of fishery and industrial structure, then discusses the development opportunities of recreational fishery in terms of policy, economy, culture and technology. Third, the paper analyzes the problem of recreational fishery in terms of the talent, the ability to bear risk, the influence of COVID-19. Finally, the paper discusses the high quality development mode of recreational fishery in China against the background of industrial integration. The research showed:the production scale of recreational fishery increased, the growth rate of recreational fishery declined but higher than the annual output growth rate of the total annual output of the fishery, proportion of annual output value of fishery increased steadily, and the structure of recreational fishery developed steadily, guided by recreational fishing and collecting industry and tourism-oriented recreational fishery, supplemented by fishing tackle, bait ornamental fish, fishery medicine, aquatic equipment, other related industries, ornamental fish industry developed rapidly. At present, recreational fisheries has a series of opportunities such as self-advantages, government policy support, good external economic environment and cultural environment, good facilities and technology. At the same time, recreational fishery facing a series of challenges such as shortage of talents, the ability to bear risk is limited and the shock of COVID-19. Finally, The paper proposes the three-dimensional mode of recreational fishery developing in high quality based on industrial convergence to promote the long-term, steady and high-quality development of recreational fishery.
ABSTRACT
The Scientific Advisory Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) held its twelfth session in hybrid mode, in Casablanca, Morocco and online from 7-9 June 2022. The session was attended by delegates from 18 contracting parties, three cooperating non-contracting parties, one observer, as well as representatives of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, the GFCM Secretariat and invited experts. During the session, the Committee reviewed the work carried out during the 2019-2022 intersession, including within the framework of the GFCM 2030 Strategy for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (GFCM 2030 Strategy) and in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provided advice on priorities in the field of aquaculture management and research.
ABSTRACT
The Scientific Advisory Committee on Fisheries (SAC) of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) held its twenty-second session online, from 22 to 25 June 2021. The session was attended by delegates from 19 Mediterranean contracting parties, 11 observers, as well as representatives of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Fisheries Division, the GFCM Secretariat and invited experts. The Committee reviewed the work carried out during the 2019-2021 intersession, including within the framework of the mid-term strategy (2017-2020) towards the sustainability of Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries and in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provided advice on status of priority stocks and ecosystems and on potential management measures addressing key fisheries and vulnerable species in the Mediterranean. In line with the subregional approach, the Committee formulated advice focusing on: (i) small pelagic and priority demersal fisheries in the Adriatic Sea;(ii) common dolphinfish and blackspot seabream fisheries in the western Mediterranean;(iii) small pelagic and bottom trawl fisheries exploiting demersal stocks, particularly European hake, in the central Mediterranean;(iv) deep-water red shrimp fisheries in the eastern-central Mediterranean, including their interactions with vulnerable marine ecosystems;and (v) round sardinella in the eastern Mediterranean. The Committee also agreed on the technical soundness of three FRA proposals for the Bari Canyon, the Ebro Delta margin and the Palmahim Disturbance, to be submitted to the Commission. At the regional level, the Committee provided advice on the following: (i) fishing technology and bycatch, including minimal technical specifications for bottom-trawl nets and the need for targeted pilot projects to investigate possible mitigation measures;(ii) data call for the database on sensitive benthic habitats and species and other effective area-based conservation measures for the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems and essential fish habitats;and (iii) advances in the adaptation strategy for climate change. Furthermore, the Committee discussed additional work in support of the GFCM, namely the implementation of the Regional Plan of Action for Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, dedicated research programmes as well as other activities to enhance fisheries management in the region. Finally, the Committee agreed upon its work plan for 2021-2023.
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These proceedings contain 67 articles that discuss fish ecology and biology, aquaculture, capture fisheries, marine conservation, management, biology, debris, ecology, bioprospecting, biotechnology, and postharvest.
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It is reported that the complete cessation of travel due to COVID, which forced an almost total shift to online delivery of information between the Pacific Community (SPC) and its member countries, has created the conditions for coastal fisheries departments to embrace the efficiencies of using e-data systems to collect, store, analyse and report on the status of their fisheries. Accordingly, staff from the Coastal Fisheries Science and Data units within SPC's Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (FAME) Division have invested significant time and resources to develop an e-data system that has evolved based on feedback from regional meetings and workshops. The implementation and results of the e-data platform are discussed, as well as the next steps in the digital transition of coastal fisheries monitoring in the region.
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This proceedings contains 96 papers on ocean biodiversity;breeding, reproduction, feeding and diseases of aquacultured fish and shellfish;water quality;fishery management, seafood preservation and quality;aquaculture and fishery economics and the impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture and fishery production.
ABSTRACT
This report provides a biennial assessment of the South Australian Spencer Gulf Prawn Fishery (SGPF) for the 2018/19 and 2019/20 fishing years. The aims of this report were to: (i) provide brief synopses of the management of the fishery and biology of the Western King Prawn (Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus);(ii) review the performance of the fishery;(iii) determine the current status of the resource;and (iv) identify future research and monitoring needs. The total harvest by the SGPF reached 2,121 t in 2018/19 and 1,743 t in 2019/20. The fleet required 53 nights in 2018/19, but due to the COVID-affected markets during 2019/20, industry restricted the season to 40 nights. These annual harvests and effort totals translated into catches per unit effort (CPUEs) in 2018/19 and 2019/20 of 109.7 and 127.3 kg h-1, respectively;the latter being the second highest recorded, and both exceeding the reference point (RP, 80 kg h-1) for this economic performance indicator (PI). Size grade composition of the annual harvest and the mean 7-kg 'bucket count' indicate a downward trend in average prawn size over the past several years. While this may be partly due to the revised size criteria in the current harvest strategy (where there is a trade-off between higher minimum catches and smaller prawn size criteria to provide greater flexibility to industry), it is likely to reflect the continued influx of new recruits from consecutive high (and record) recruitment years causing a disproportionate effect on the size composition and bucket count. Both the mean survey CPUE of 'adult' prawns (size grades comprising fewer than 20 prawns per pound) and 'newly recruited' prawns (more than 20 prawns per pound, i.e. '20+' grade) throughout 2018/19 and 2019/20 remained above their respective lower RPs. This resulted in the development of standard fishing strategies, except for an increasing fishing strategy after the March 2019 survey due to the mean survey CPUEadults exceeding the upper RP. The estimated mean egg production of 490 M eggs trawl-h-1 in October 2019 fell below the RP (500 M eggs trawl-h-1) for the first time since 2006/07;however, the recruitment index of 8.36 lb min-1 in March 2020 - which provides a more reliable window into the outlook for the fishery - was the highest recorded and more than three times the RP (2.38 lb min-1). The weighted mean CPUEadults (+or- 95% CI) from the October/November, February/March and April surveys during 2018/19 and 2019/20 were 4.19 +or- 0.16 lb min-1 and 4.14 +or- 0.21 lb min-1, respectively, both of which are above the trigger reference point (TRP;2.50 lb min-1). Under the definition in the harvest strategy, the stock is classified as 'sustainable'. Future research needs will primarily be focused on establishing the components of an ecological monitoring program to assess the impact of the fishery on the benthic ecosystem, improving the standardisation of survey catches in these assessments, and development of theory-based RPs (from the prawn bio-economic model) for consideration in a future iteration of the harvest strategy.
ABSTRACT
This report provides an assessment of the status of the South Australian Giant Crab Fishery (GCF) using data to the end of the 2019 fishing season that extends from 1 October 2019 to 31 May 2020. It analyses fishery-dependent data at a State-wide scale, collected from two management zones, the Northern Zone (NZ) and Southern Zone (SZ), and from three commercial fishing sectors: (1) Miscellaneous Fishery sector;(2) South Australian Rock Lobster Fishery (SARLF) quota sector (RL-quota);and (3) SARLF by-product sector (RL by-product). Catches of Giant Crab in the last seven seasons are among the lowest recorded in the fishery since the Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) was implemented in 1999. In 2019, the total catch in the GCF was 14.2 t. This was the lowest catch recorded since 1993, comprising 64.3% of the TACC of 22.1 t. The amount of targeted catch in the Miscellaneous Fishery sector and RL-quota sector in 2019 was also the lowest on record (13.7 t). The reductions in catch reported in 2019 likely reflect: (1) reduced effort in the 2019 season associated with COVID-19 impacts on market demand;and (2) reduced catches in the SZ since 2005. Estimates of CPUE of legal-size Giant Crab have declined in South Australia since 2008, and although relatively stable in the last five seasons, are now the lowest on record. In addition, pre-recruit abundance, which has declined since 2004, is now the lowest on record and is likely to impact future harvestable biomass. The biological susceptibility of Giant Crab populations to recruitment overfishing combined with recent declining trends in catch, CPUE and pre-recruit abundance signal uncertainty in relation to the GCF's future performance. Determination of stock status in 2019 was aided by the implementation of recommendations made in SARDI's 2017 assessment of data sources and performance indicators (Pis) for the GCF, as well the management policy for the GCF developed in consultation with industry (PIRSA 2018). Within the management policy for the GCF, the status of the Giant Crab stock is defined in relation to how the primary biological PI, five-year average commercial CPUE of legal-size Giant Crab, aligns against its Trigger Reference Point (RPtrig) (PIRSA 2018). In 2019, the estimate of five-year commercial CPUE of legal-size Giant Crab was 2.09 kg/potlift. This estimate is the lowest on record but 7.2% above the RPtrig of 1.95 kg/potlift. Under the decision rule within the management policy to categorise the Giant Crab stock status in South Australia, the stock is classified as 'sustainable' in 2019 (PIRSA 2018).
ABSTRACT
This stock assessment determined the status of South Australia's Southern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery (SZRLF) and provides the latest estimates of the biological performance indicators (Pis) information in context of the reference points (RPs) and stock status classification described in the Management Plan for the fishery (PIRSA 2020). Stock status was determined using the harvest strategy for the fishery that was developed in alignment with the National Fishery Status Reporting Framework (NFSRF) classification system that is used to determine the status of all South Australian fish stocks. Assessment of the SZRLF relies heavily on data from the commercial fishing sector through mandatory catch and effort logbook reporting. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of legal and undersized (pre-recruit) lobsters are the main indicators of legal and pre-recruit abundance. Fishery-independent surveys and fishery model outputs also contribute to the assessment. During the 2019 fishing season (i.e. 1 October 2019 to 31 May 2020), the fishery was impacted by the COVID-19 market closure in late January of 2020. The primary impact was a considerable reduction in catch in February (6 t in 2020), where normally up to 100 t is landed. Consequently, the 2019 TACC (1,246 t) was not fully taken with a total commercial logbook catch of 1,202.4 t (96% of TACC). Effort required to take the catch was 758,029 potlifts, the lowest on record. Nominal legal-sized CPUE in 2019 was 1.59 kg/potlift, reflecting a 65% increase over the last three seasons and the highest catch rate since 2005. Current legal-sized catch rates are now above both the long-term average and the trigger reference point (TrRP) for the fishery. Recent increases in CPUE are also reflected in fishery-independent surveys. The pre-recruit index (PRI) shows a long-term decline since the late 1990s with the 2015 estimate the lowest on record Over the last four seasons, the PRI has increased by 138% to 1.76 undersized/pot, the highest since 2002. In the SZRLF, the time taken for pre-recruits to enter the fishable biomass is approximately one year. Fishery-independent surveys also support recent increases in PRI. Model outputs indicate considerable increases in legal-size biomass over the last three seasons. In 2019, the estimate was approximately 4,235 t, equating to an exploitation rate of 29%, the lowest on record Despite recent increases, egg production in the fishery remains low with 2019 estimates equating to 12% of unfished levels. In 2019, the CPUE of 1.59 kg/potlift was above the TrRP of 0.60 kg/potlift. Asa result, the SZRLF stock is classified as "sustainable". This means that the current fishing mortality is being adequately controlled to avoid the stock becoming recruitment impaired.
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Addressing vulnerabilities in small-scale fisheries (SSF) has been gaining increasing attention due to their role in securing livelihoods of millions of people in the world, even though when they are subject to susceptible scenarios. We reviewed the literature with the aim of shedding light on the distribution, coping strategies, and common drivers of vulnerabilities in worldwide SSF. Seventy-eight studied cases worldwide, 21 drivers of vulnerability, and 8 coping strategies were identified. Natural and human-induced declining fish catches was the most common driver of vulnerability and disobedience of fishing rules the most common coping strategy. From the three dimensions of vulnerability, exposure (presence of vulnerable scenarios) was the highest (50%), followed by sensitivity (susceptibility to vulnerable scenarios) (29%) and adaptive capacity (ability to cope with vulnerable scenarios) (21%). The literature review highlights the need for adopting a context-specific threefold (resource management and conservation, livelihoods development, and restructured governance) approach to SSF management.
ABSTRACT
Unlike atmospheric weather forecasting, ocean forecasting is often reflexive;for many applications, the forecast and its dissemination can change the outcome, and is in this way, a part of the system. Reflexivity has implications for several ocean forecasting applications, such as fisheries management, endangered species management, toxic and invasive species management, and community science. The field of ocean system forecasting is experiencing rapid growth, and there is an opportunity to add the reflexivity dynamic to the conventional approach taken from weather forecasting. Social science has grappled with reflexivity for decades and can offer a valuable perspective. Ocean forecasting is often iterative, thus it can also offer opportunities to advance the general understanding of reflexive prediction. In this paper, we present a basic theoretical skeleton for considering iterative reflexivity in an ocean forecasting context. It is possible to explore the reflexive dynamics because the prediction is iterative. The central problem amounts to a tension between providing a reliably accurate forecast and affecting a desired outcome via the forecast. These two objectives are not always compatible. We map a review of the literature onto relevant ecological scales that contextualize the role of reflexivity across a range of applications, from biogeochemical (e.g., hypoxia and harmful algal blooms) to endangered species management. Formulating reflexivity mathematically provides one explicit mechanism for integrating natural and social sciences. In the context of the Anthropocene ocean, reflexivity helps us understand whether forecasts are meant to mitigate and control environmental changes, or to adapt and respond within a changing system. By thinking about reflexivity as part of the foundation of ocean system forecasting, we hope to avoid some of the unintended consequences that can derail forecasting programs.